- Department of History, College of Humanities, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321004 China P.R.
Changyu Liu
Zhejiang Normal University, College of Humanities, Faculty Member
- Ancient Near East, Sumerian, Near East Studies, Neo-Sumerian Studies, Assyriology, Sumerology, and 23 moreUr III administrative texts, Cuneiform, 3rd Millennium Sumerian Religious Concepts, History and Administration of III Dynasty of Ur, Ur III Studies, Drehem, Ur III period, Assyriologie, The First Sealand Dynasty, Ancient Near Eastern History, Mesopotamia History, Oriental Studies, Ancient History, Assyriology Sumerology Akkadian Sumerian Sumerian & Akkadian literature Sumerian Religion Mesopotamia History Ancient Mesopotamian Religions Cuneiform Ancient Near East Ancient Near Estern Languages Religious Studies, Assyriology, Ancient Near East, Semitics, Assyriology History of Religions, Iranian Studies, Elamite Studies, Assyriology, Assyriology, religion studies, history of Assyriology, Digital Assyriology, Assyriology and teaching, Ancient Near Eastern Diplomacy, and Neo-Babylonian Lawedit
- Director in History Department, Zhejiang Normal University(liucy@zjnu.cn)edit
The Sumerian cuneiform term for the “female fat-tailed sheep,” written as either U8+HUL2 or u8 gukkal, is attested in different administrative documents issued by the Puzriš-Dagan organization (modern Drehem in Iraq) dating to the period... more
The Sumerian cuneiform term for the “female fat-tailed sheep,” written as either U8+HUL2 or u8 gukkal, is attested in different administrative documents issued by the Puzriš-Dagan organization (modern Drehem in Iraq) dating to the period between Šulgi 44 and Šu-Suen 6—mostly from Šulgi 47 to Amar-Suen 8 during the Third Dynasty of Ur (also Ur III, ca. 2112–2004 BCE). This study aims to identify the attestations and frequency of the two variants from the Ur III Drehem texts as they appear chronologically, and attempts to determine why ancient scribes chose one over the other. Four administrative text cat- egories—mu-kux(DU) “delivery,” i3-dab5 “transfer,” ba-zi “expenditure,” and šu ba-ti “receipt”—feature regular formulas used by the speci c of cials attested in the Ur III Drehem texts to refer to the female fat-tailed sheep. The study will also address why dif- ferent forms were used by comparing images of their cuneiform tablets. One possible ex- planation is that the ancient scribes in the Puzriš-Dagan organization were replaced with the enthronement of Amar-Suen. But the more likely interpretation is that there was an orthographic change that happened during the reign of Amar-Suen.
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This paper aims to do a prosopographical study of individuals delivering animals to the Puzriš- Dagan organization during the Third Dynasty of Ur (ca. 2112-2004 BC). Who are they? What kind of ani- mals did they deliver? And how did the... more
This paper aims to do a prosopographical study of individuals delivering animals to the Puzriš- Dagan organization during the Third Dynasty of Ur (ca. 2112-2004 BC). Who are they? What kind of ani- mals did they deliver? And how did the family-based individuals deliver animals to Puzriš-Dagan? Build- ing on previous scholarship, a comprehensive analysis of all of the Puzriš-Dagan cuneiform texts recording individual deliveries of animals (mu-DU), spanning the period between Š43 and IS2, might suffice to bring about a conclusive answer to these questions. Four issues will be quantitively discussed: individuals ap- pearing as delivering animals to Puzriš-Dagan; the types of animals delivered to Puzriš-Dagan; delivering animals disbursed for different purposes or final destinations; and family members delivering animals to Puzriš-Dagan.
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The conference presentation that prompted the writing of this short communication formed a part of a new project entitled “A Study of the Foreign Relations of Ur III Mesopotamia,” which will study a wide range of textual data from the... more
The conference presentation that prompted the writing of this short communication formed a part of a new project entitled “A Study of the Foreign Relations of Ur III Mesopotamia,” which will study a wide range of textual data from the late third millennium BC to investigate the nature of Ur III foreign policy. After a general introduction to the project, the article offers a preliminary survey of Ur III year formulae as an accurate and reliable source of information on Ur III military and geopolitical state policy, demonstrating a distinct military emphasis on the eastern and northeastern regions of the state.
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The six Neo-Sumerian cuneiform tablets published here are housed in the collection of the Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts. They were brought to the Boston Public Library in 1928 when Edgar J. Banks had transcribed them in a... more
The six Neo-Sumerian cuneiform tablets published here are housed in the collection of the Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts. They were brought to the Boston Public Library in 1928 when Edgar J. Banks had transcribed them in a letter (April 14). https://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlb/2021/cdlb2021_001.html
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The following seven cuneiform tablets from the University of Missouri- Columbia (MO) are dated to the time of the Third Dynasty of Ur (also referred to Ur III, ca. 2112–2004 BC according to the Middle Chronology).
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The Third Dynasty of Ur (Ur III) was a centralized state in ancient Mesopotamia. Taxation was one of the important measures of the Ur III Dynasty to carry out its control and governance on the state. From the establishment during the... more
The Third Dynasty of Ur (Ur III) was a centralized state in ancient Mesopotamia. Taxation was one of the important measures of the Ur III Dynasty to carry out its control and governance on the state. From the establishment during the reign of Shulgi, to the adjustment during the reign of Amar- Suen, and the reform of Shu-Suen, the taxation of Ur III experienced an evolution from initiative to radical changes. With signi cant impacts to the economy and scal policies, this progress re ects the governance model and characteristics of this dynasty, which constitutes direct evidences for us to understand the ancient civilization.
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Assyriology in China. In Agnès Garcia-Ventura and Lorenzo Verderame (eds.), Perspectives on the History of Ancient Near Eastern Studies. University Park: Eisenbrauns, 2020, pp. 283-288 (Chapter 15)
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The nineteen cuneiform texts published in this study are currently housed in the collection of the Williams College Museum of Art. They are Neo-Sumerian tablets from three proveniences: Umma, Puzriš-Dagan and Nippur.
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This article presents an edition of twelve Neo-Sumerian cuneiform texts from various collections in the United States. The economic and administrative records from three sites in southern Iraq (Irisaĝrig, Puzriš-Dagan, Umma) are linked to... more
This article presents an edition of twelve Neo-Sumerian cuneiform texts from various collections in the United States. The economic and administrative records from three sites in southern Iraq (Irisaĝrig, Puzriš-Dagan, Umma) are linked to the management and organization of the Third Dynasty of Ur (i.e. Ur III Dynasty, or Ur III for short, 2112-2004 BC). The history of how most of the clay tablets were excavated and came to be in the collections is obscure. The publication of these cuneiform texts herein is intended to make their contents available to a broader audience of specialists in the ancient Near Eastern studies.
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The seventeen cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of the Logan Museum of Anthropology, Beloit College. This article provides an edition of twelve Neo-Sumerian administrative clay tablets from... more
The seventeen cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of the Logan Museum of Anthropology, Beloit College. This article provides an edition of twelve Neo-Sumerian administrative clay tablets from Nippur, Puzrish-Dagan and Umma, one Old Babylonian tablet, one Middle Babylonian tablet, two Neo-Babylonian tablets from the Achaemenid period, and one Neo-Babylonian brick fragment.
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The Ur III Dynasty was a centralized entity． In order to consolidate the rule，this dynasty took various strategies，and the effective one was the political marriage． There were two types of political marriages in the Ur III Dynasty:... more
The Ur III Dynasty was a centralized entity． In order to consolidate the rule，this dynasty took various strategies，and the effective one was the political marriage． There were two types of political marriages in the Ur III Dynasty: dynastic marriage and diplomatic marriage． The former was primarily attested in the reigns of Shulgi，Shu-Suen and Ibbi-Suen，the second，the fourth and the fifth ruler，respectively; however，the latter was mainly used in the reign of Amar-Suen，the third king of this dynasty．The purpose and characteristic of each type of political marriage varied from each other，which showed the flexible domestic and foreign policies． The political marriage played a significant role in the Ur III centralization and the ancient Mesopotamian political and diplomatic history．
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The three cuneiform tablets dated to the Third Dynasty of Ur (Ur III, ca. 2112-2004 BC) are housed in the St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA. Among them, two tablets (Nos. 1-2) are from Puzriš-Dagan and one tablet (No. 3) origins... more
The three cuneiform tablets dated to the Third Dynasty of Ur (Ur III, ca. 2112-2004 BC) are housed in the St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA. Among them, two tablets (Nos. 1-2) are from Puzriš-Dagan and one tablet (No. 3) origins from Umma, both of which locate in the southern Iraq.
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The following two cuneiform texts are housed in Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Ernest F. Hollings Special Collections Library, University of South Carolina Libraries, Columbia, SC, USA. They date to the Third... more
The following two cuneiform texts are housed in Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Ernest F. Hollings Special Collections Library, University of South Carolina Libraries, Columbia, SC, USA. They date to the Third Dynasty of Ur (Ur III, ca. 2112-2004 BC) from Umma (No. 1) and Puzriš-Dagan (No. 2), respectively.
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Lu-Nanna son of Ur-niĝar and Lu-Nanna son of Namhani the ensi of
Hamazi. It was the former one who was betrothed to an Ur princess, namely daughter of the king Amar-Suen.
Hamazi. It was the former one who was betrothed to an Ur princess, namely daughter of the king Amar-Suen.
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The personal name Kiššer is exclusively attested in the administrative documents from Puzriš-Dagan (modern Drehem) dating to the Ur III period (Liu 2017). It is spelled in the cuneiform tablets with various forms, either Kiš-še-er,... more
The personal name Kiššer is exclusively attested in the administrative documents from Puzriš-Dagan (modern Drehem) dating to the Ur III period (Liu 2017). It is spelled in the cuneiform tablets with various forms, either Kiš-še-er, Kiš-še20-er, Kiš-er, or Kiški-er.
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行省是乌尔第三王朝的最高地方行政机构，在中央与地方的行政管理中发挥着承上启下的作用。乌尔第三王朝沿袭了阿卡德王朝开创的行省制度并对其加以发展改革，创造了内外行省“二元制”的管理模式和相应的赋税体系，使其成为加强中央集权统治的得力工具。但是，行省管理中的总督与将军的相互制约与影响，以及苏美尔城邦旧观念的遗存等行省制度弊端也成为乌尔第三王朝灭亡的主要内因之一。
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Aba-saga was a figure attested in thousands of administrative documents from Puzriš-Dagan (modern Drehem, Iraq) during the Ur III Dynasty (2112-2004 BC).
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The five unpublished cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of the Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska. This article provides the publication of three Neo-Sumerian tablets from Umma; an... more
The five unpublished cuneiform texts presented in this study are currently housed in the collection of the Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska. This article provides the publication of three Neo-Sumerian tablets from Umma; an inscription from the king Sîn-kašid and one tablet dating from the reign of Nabû- kudurrī-uṣur (Nebuchadnezzar) II.
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Before the famous Silk Road,there has been the maritime trade route between Mesopotamia and Indus via the Persian Gulf. Between 2500 B. C. and 1800 B. C. ,the toponym Meluhha,referred to as a coastal area of Indus,was repeatedly mentioned... more
Before the famous Silk Road,there has been the maritime trade route between Mesopotamia and Indus via the Persian Gulf. Between 2500 B. C. and 1800 B. C. ,the toponym Meluhha,referred to as a coastal area of Indus,was repeatedly mentioned in the cuneiform documents of ancient Mesopotamia,which may indicate the prosperity of maritime trade along Mesopotarnia and Indus. On the basis of the evidence from the cuneiform texts concerning thetoponym Meluhha,this paper aims to discuss the maritime trade and cultural exchange between Mesopotamia and Indus.
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20世纪初，这块金板由德国考古队员在伊拉克发现并带回佩加蒙博物馆，二战结束后被占领柏林的苏军获得，又辗转被卖到从集中营逃出的犹太人手中，最后跟着犹太人一家去了美国。时至今日，这块价值连城的金板应该归谁所有，收藏它的博物馆还是买到它的犹太人呢？
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亚述学是一门研究古代两河流域历史文化及楔形文字的人文学科。德国不仅是最早从事近东考古发掘的国家之一，也是最早开设亚述学专业课程的国家之一。一个多世纪以来，德国涌现出一批又一批著名亚述学者，位居国际亚述学研究的前沿和中心。
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“丝绸之路”这一概念最初由德国人李希霍芬于 1877 年提出，指古代沟通亚欧大陆的贸易路线，始于汉武帝时期张骞凿空西域。其实，早在张骞出使西域前，中亚与西亚之间就已形成贸易网，这些商路对丝绸之路的开辟具有重要影响。
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The photograph of this text available on CDLI (P129476) shows clearly that the first cunei -form sign of the name of the son of Bili-ibba is “I” (not “DUMU”). This personal name is undoubtedly to transliterate as I - da - du (Idadu).
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The six cuneiform tablets and one inscribed cylinder seal presented here are housed in the Special Collections and Archives in the Seymour Library at Knox College in Galesburg Illinois.
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The present article presents the publications of three new cuneiform texts in Lithuania.
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The imperial examination system of existing over 1300 years was abated in Sep.2nd,1905. Jinshi’s Parentage was the chief content of the imperial examination system. However, was it also abated along with the imperial examination system?... more
The imperial examination system of existing over 1300 years was abated in Sep.2nd,1905. Jinshi’s Parentage was the chief content of the imperial examination system. However, was it also abated along with the imperial examination system? We will discuss the question simply
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Research Interests: Assyriology and Sumerian
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A review of J. Cale Johnson, CDLJ 2006/2 §04.
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The edition of the cuneiform texts belonging to the Truman State University in Akkadica 134/1 presents a few remaining mistakes or details to correct. by Changyu Liu and Camille Lecompte
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The Williamson County Sun 21-09-2014
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This PhD research aims to make a systematic study of the administrative documents from Drehem limited to the reign of Amar-Suen, the third king of the Ur III dynasty, to figure out the administrative significance of the Puzrish-Dagan... more
This PhD research aims to make a systematic study of the administrative documents from Drehem limited to the reign of Amar-Suen, the third king of the Ur III dynasty, to figure out the administrative significance of the Puzrish-Dagan organisation. The focus lies on the prosopographic studies of hundreds of deliverers, receivers and transferors of livestock, and the analysis of the written documentation.
Research Interests: Assyriology, Sumerian, Sumerology, History and Administration of III Dynasty of Ur, Assyriology Sumerology Akkadian Sumerian Sumerian & Akkadian literature Sumerian Religion Mesopotamia History Ancient Mesopotamian Religions Cuneiform Ancient Near East Ancient Near Estern Languages Religious Studies, and 7 moreDrehem, Ur III period, Ur III Studies, Socio economy of Ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Economic Theories, Origin of Money, and Functions of Precious Metals
MVN 13, 695 dates to AS 2 v 27, while the monthly record PDT 1 529 dates to AS 1 v. In addition, SAT 2, 663 can be accurately dated to AS 1 v 26, based on its identical content attested in day 26 of PDT 1, 529.
The following six cuneiform tablets from the Special Collections of the University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, are dated to the time of the Third Dynasty of Ur (also referred to Ur III, ca. 2112–2004 BC); they were donated to UMC Libraries... more
The following six cuneiform tablets from the Special Collections of the University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, are dated to the time of the Third Dynasty of Ur (also referred to Ur III, ca. 2112–2004 BC); they were donated to UMC Libraries by the Ernest McClary Todd Museum, formerly a part of the School of Journalism at the University of Missouri. They probably came to the university in the early twentieth century.
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The editions of the 689 Ur III texts, arranged by their catalogue numbers, are significant for further study of how the Puzrish-Dagan organization functioned. New evidence has been gleaned and new conclusions can be drawn from texts in... more
The editions of the 689 Ur III texts, arranged by their catalogue numbers, are significant for further study of how the Puzrish-Dagan organization functioned. New evidence has been gleaned and new conclusions can be drawn from texts in this book.
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This book aims to clarify the way that the Puzriš-Dagan organization functioned and was operated, by providing a comprehensive study of its organization, ad- ministrative practices and the written documentation dating to the reign of... more
This book aims to clarify the way that the Puzriš-Dagan organization functioned and was operated, by providing a comprehensive study of its organization, ad- ministrative practices and the written documentation dating to the reign of Amar-Suen, the third king of the Third Dynasty of Ur. This study depends on the most abundant textual data hitherto (approximately 6,000 administrative docu- ments written in Sumerian), which constitute a promising source for Assyri- ological studies regarding the understanding of the political, socio-economic, and religious history of the ancient Near East.